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The Shakespeare funerary monument is a memorial to William Shakespeare located inside Holy Trinity Church at Stratford-upon-Avon, the same church in which Shakespeare was baptised. The monument, carved in pale blue limestone〔Honan, Park. ''Shakespeare: A Life''. Oxford University Press. 1998. page 402 ISBN 0-19-811792-2 〕 by Gerard Johnson, is mounted on the north wall of the chancel. It features a demi-figure of the poet holding a quill pen in one hand and a piece of paper resting on a cushion in the other. The style was most commonly used for divines, academics, and those professions with pretensions of learning.〔Kemp, Brian. ''English Church Monuments'' (1980), London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, p. 77.〕 The buttoned doublet, with its ornamental slashes, was probably originally painted scarlet, the loose gown black, the eyes hazel, and the hair and beard auburn.〔Honan, Park. ''Shakespeare: A Life''. Oxford University Press. 1998. page 402-403 ISBN 0-19-811792-2 〕 It has been retouched many times, and was painted entirely white in 1793.〔Honan, Park. ''Shakespeare: A Life''. Oxford University Press. 1998. page 402 ISBN 0-19-811792-2 〕 This demi-figure is one of only two representations definitely accepted as accurately portraying William Shakespeare's physical appearance. The monument is topped with strapwork rising to a heraldic shield displaying Shakespeare's arms, on either side of which sits an allegorical figure: one, representing Labour, holds a spade, the other, representing Rest, holds an inverted torch and a skull.〔Schoenbaum, S. (1987). ''William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life'', Oxford University Press, p.308.〕 The two columns that support the entablatures and coat-of-arms above the bust are of black polished marble. The two putti and the skull are of sandstone, and the capitals and bases of the columns are of gilded sandstone. The architraves, frieze and cornice were originally of red-veined white alabaster, but they were replaced in 1749 with white marble.〔Fox, Levi,ed. ''The Correspondence of the Reverend Joseph Greene'', HMSO, 1965, p. 171.〕 The effigy and the cushion are carved of one piece of bluish Cotswold limestone, and the inlaid panels are of black touchstone.〔Schoenbaum 1987, p.308.〕 The date the monument was erected is not known exactly, but it must have been before 1623; in that year, the First Folio of Shakespeare's works was published, prefaced by a poem by Leonard Digges that mentions "thy Stratford moniment" . John Weever transcribed the monument inscription and grave epitaph, and H. R. Woudhuysen's analysis of the undated manuscript suggests that his visit to Stratford was made not much later than 1617–18.〔Duncan-Jones, Katherine, and H. R. Woudhuysen, eds. (2007) ''Shakespeare's Poems'' London: Arden Shakespeare, Thomson Learning. ISBN 978-1-90343-687-5, pp.438, 462.〕 The monument was restored in 1748–49 and has been repainted several times. ==Inscriptions== Beneath the figure is engraved an epitaph in Latin and a poem in English. The epitaph reads: The first line translates as "A Pylian in judgement, a Socrates in genius, a Maro in art," comparing Shakespeare to Nestor the wise King of Pylus, to the Greek philosopher Socrates, and to the Roman poet Virgil (whose last name, or ''cognomen'' was Maro). The second reads "The earth buries him, the people mourn him, Olympus possesses him," referring to Mount Olympus, the home of the Greek gods. The English poem reads: As modernized by Katherine Duncan-Jones:〔Duncan-Jones, Katherine (2001). ''Ungentle Shakespeare: Scenes from His life'', Arden Shakespeare. p.272.〕 Stanley Wells is one of the few biographers to comment on the poem, saying that it "somewhat cryptically calls on the passer-by to pay tribute to his greatness as a writer", and admitting "the only sense I can make out of the last bit is that his compositions relegate the sculptor's art to the rank of a mere page – with perhaps a forced pun on the writer's 'pages' – offering service to his genius; or perhaps that all art subsequent to Shakespeare's is a page – servant – to his." Wells also points out that "his name does not deck the tomb, and it's not a tomb anyway", suggesting that it may have been originally designed to be part of a free-standing tomb.〔Wells, Stanley (2002). ''Shakespeare For All Time'', Oxford Shakespeare. p.48.〕 Squeezed into the small space beneath the poem, a few abbreviated words in Latin tell us that he died in the year of the Lord 1616, in his 53rd year, on 23 April.〔Schoenbaum 1987, p.311.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shakespeare's funerary monument」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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